How to solve the problem of limited access speed of crawlers

During the data crawling process, crawlers often face the challenge of limited access speed. This not only affects the efficiency of data acquisition, but also may trigger the anti-crawler mechanism of the target website, resulting in IP being blocked. This article will explore how to solve this problem in depth, provide practical strategies and code examples, and briefly mention 98IP proxy as one of the possible solutions.

I. Understand the reasons for limited access speed

1.1 Anti-crawler mechanism

Many websites have set up anti-crawler mechanisms to prevent malicious crawling. When crawlers send a large number of requests in a short period of time, these requests may be identified as abnormal behavior, triggering restrictions.

1.2 Server load limit

The server has a limit on the number of requests from the same IP address to protect its own resources from being over-consumed. When crawler requests exceed the server load capacity, the access speed will naturally be limited.

II. Solution strategy

2.1 Reasonably set the request interval

<span>import</span> <span>time</span>
<span>import</span> <span>requests</span>
<span>urls</span> <span>=</span> <span>[</span><span>'</span><span>http://example.com/page1</span><span>'</span><span>,</span> <span>'</span><span>http://example.com/page2</span><span>'</span><span>,</span> <span>...]</span>  <span># Target URL List </span>
<span>for</span> <span>url</span> <span>in</span> <span>urls</span><span>:</span>
    <span>response</span> <span>=</span> <span>requests</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>url</span><span>)</span>
    <span># Processing response data </span>    <span># ... </span>
    <span># Set request interval (e.g., once per second) </span>    <span>time</span><span>.</span><span>sleep</span><span>(</span><span>1</span><span>)</span>
<span>import</span> <span>time</span>
<span>import</span> <span>requests</span>

<span>urls</span> <span>=</span> <span>[</span><span>'</span><span>http://example.com/page1</span><span>'</span><span>,</span> <span>'</span><span>http://example.com/page2</span><span>'</span><span>,</span> <span>...]</span>  <span># Target URL List </span>
<span>for</span> <span>url</span> <span>in</span> <span>urls</span><span>:</span>
    <span>response</span> <span>=</span> <span>requests</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>url</span><span>)</span>
    <span># Processing response data </span>    <span># ... </span>
    <span># Set request interval (e.g., once per second) </span>    <span>time</span><span>.</span><span>sleep</span><span>(</span><span>1</span><span>)</span>
import time
import requests

urls = ['http://example.com/page1', 'http://example.com/page2', ...]  # Target URL List 
for url in urls:
    response = requests.get(url)
    # Processing response data     # ... 
    # Set request interval (e.g., once per second)     time.sleep(1)

Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

By setting a reasonable request interval, the risk of triggering the anti-crawler mechanism can be reduced while reducing the server load.

2.2 Use proxy IP

<span>import</span> <span>requests</span>
<span>from</span> <span>bs4</span> <span>import</span> <span>BeautifulSoup</span>
<span>import</span> <span>random</span>
<span># Assuming that the 98IP proxy provides an API interface to return a list of available proxy IPs </span><span>proxy_api_url</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>http://api.98ip.com/get_proxies</span><span>'</span>  <span># Example API, need to be replaced with real API for actual use. </span>
<span>def</span> <span>get_proxies</span><span>():</span>
    <span>response</span> <span>=</span> <span>requests</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>proxy_api_url</span><span>)</span>
    <span>proxies</span> <span>=</span> <span>response</span><span>.</span><span>json</span><span>().</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>'</span><span>proxies</span><span>'</span><span>,</span> <span>[])</span>  <span># Assuming the API returns data in JSON format, containing the 'proxies' key </span>    <span>return</span> <span>proxies</span>
<span>proxies_list</span> <span>=</span> <span>get_proxies</span><span>()</span>
<span># Randomly select a proxy from the proxy list </span><span>proxy</span> <span>=</span> <span>random</span><span>.</span><span>choice</span><span>(</span><span>proxies_list</span><span>)</span>
<span>proxy_url</span> <span>=</span> <span>f</span><span>'</span><span>http://</span><span>{</span><span>proxy</span><span>[</span><span>"</span><span>ip</span><span>"</span><span>]</span><span>}</span><span>:</span><span>{</span><span>proxy</span><span>[</span><span>"</span><span>port</span><span>"</span><span>]</span><span>}</span><span>'</span>
<span># Sending a request using a proxy IP </span><span>headers</span> <span>=</span> <span>{</span>
    <span>'</span><span>User-Agent</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>'</span><span>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3</span><span>'</span><span>}</span>
<span>proxies_dict</span> <span>=</span> <span>{</span>
    <span>'</span><span>http</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>proxy_url</span><span>,</span>
    <span>'</span><span>https</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>proxy_url</span>
<span>}</span>
<span>url</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>http://example.com/target_page</span><span>'</span>
<span>response</span> <span>=</span> <span>requests</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>url</span><span>,</span> <span>headers</span><span>=</span><span>headers</span><span>,</span> <span>proxies</span><span>=</span><span>proxies_dict</span><span>)</span>
<span># Processing response data </span><span>soup</span> <span>=</span> <span>BeautifulSoup</span><span>(</span><span>response</span><span>.</span><span>content</span><span>,</span> <span>'</span><span>html.parser</span><span>'</span><span>)</span>
<span># ... </span>
<span>import</span> <span>requests</span>
<span>from</span> <span>bs4</span> <span>import</span> <span>BeautifulSoup</span>
<span>import</span> <span>random</span>

<span># Assuming that the 98IP proxy provides an API interface to return a list of available proxy IPs </span><span>proxy_api_url</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>http://api.98ip.com/get_proxies</span><span>'</span>  <span># Example API, need to be replaced with real API for actual use. </span>
<span>def</span> <span>get_proxies</span><span>():</span>
    <span>response</span> <span>=</span> <span>requests</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>proxy_api_url</span><span>)</span>
    <span>proxies</span> <span>=</span> <span>response</span><span>.</span><span>json</span><span>().</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>'</span><span>proxies</span><span>'</span><span>,</span> <span>[])</span>  <span># Assuming the API returns data in JSON format, containing the 'proxies' key </span>    <span>return</span> <span>proxies</span>

<span>proxies_list</span> <span>=</span> <span>get_proxies</span><span>()</span>

<span># Randomly select a proxy from the proxy list </span><span>proxy</span> <span>=</span> <span>random</span><span>.</span><span>choice</span><span>(</span><span>proxies_list</span><span>)</span>
<span>proxy_url</span> <span>=</span> <span>f</span><span>'</span><span>http://</span><span>{</span><span>proxy</span><span>[</span><span>"</span><span>ip</span><span>"</span><span>]</span><span>}</span><span>:</span><span>{</span><span>proxy</span><span>[</span><span>"</span><span>port</span><span>"</span><span>]</span><span>}</span><span>'</span>

<span># Sending a request using a proxy IP </span><span>headers</span> <span>=</span> <span>{</span>
    <span>'</span><span>User-Agent</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>'</span><span>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3</span><span>'</span><span>}</span>
<span>proxies_dict</span> <span>=</span> <span>{</span>
    <span>'</span><span>http</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>proxy_url</span><span>,</span>
    <span>'</span><span>https</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>proxy_url</span>
<span>}</span>

<span>url</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>http://example.com/target_page</span><span>'</span>
<span>response</span> <span>=</span> <span>requests</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>url</span><span>,</span> <span>headers</span><span>=</span><span>headers</span><span>,</span> <span>proxies</span><span>=</span><span>proxies_dict</span><span>)</span>

<span># Processing response data </span><span>soup</span> <span>=</span> <span>BeautifulSoup</span><span>(</span><span>response</span><span>.</span><span>content</span><span>,</span> <span>'</span><span>html.parser</span><span>'</span><span>)</span>
<span># ... </span>
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import random

# Assuming that the 98IP proxy provides an API interface to return a list of available proxy IPs proxy_api_url = 'http://api.98ip.com/get_proxies'  # Example API, need to be replaced with real API for actual use. 
def get_proxies():
    response = requests.get(proxy_api_url)
    proxies = response.json().get('proxies', [])  # Assuming the API returns data in JSON format, containing the 'proxies' key     return proxies

proxies_list = get_proxies()

# Randomly select a proxy from the proxy list proxy = random.choice(proxies_list)
proxy_url = f'http://{proxy["ip"]}:{proxy["port"]}'

# Sending a request using a proxy IP headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
proxies_dict = {
    'http': proxy_url,
    'https': proxy_url
}

url = 'http://example.com/target_page'
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies_dict)

# Processing response data soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
# ... 

Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Using proxy IP can bypass some anti-crawler mechanisms, while dispersing request pressure and increasing access speed. It should be noted that the quality and stability of the proxy IP have a great impact on the crawler effect, so it is crucial to choose a reliable proxy service provider.

2.3 Simulate user behavior

<span>from</span> <span>selenium</span> <span>import</span> <span>webdriver</span>
<span>from</span> <span>selenium.webdriver.common.by</span> <span>import</span> <span>By</span>
<span>import</span> <span>time</span>
<span># Setting up Selenium WebDriver (Chrome as an example) </span><span>driver</span> <span>=</span> <span>webdriver</span><span>.</span><span>Chrome</span><span>()</span>
<span># Open the target page </span><span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>'</span><span>http://example.com/target_page</span><span>'</span><span>)</span>
<span># Simulating user behaviour (e.g. waiting for a page to finish loading, clicking a button) </span><span>time</span><span>.</span><span>sleep</span><span>(</span><span>3</span><span>)</span>  <span># Wait for the page to load (should be adjusted to the page in practice) </span><span>button</span> <span>=</span> <span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>find_element</span><span>(</span><span>By</span><span>.</span><span>ID</span><span>,</span> <span>'</span><span>target_button_id</span><span>'</span><span>)</span>  <span># Assuming the button has a unique ID </span><span>button</span><span>.</span><span>click</span><span>()</span>
<span># Processing page data (e.g., extracting page content) </span><span>page_content</span> <span>=</span> <span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>page_source</span>
<span># ... </span>
<span># Close WebDriver </span><span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>quit</span><span>()</span>
<span>from</span> <span>selenium</span> <span>import</span> <span>webdriver</span>
<span>from</span> <span>selenium.webdriver.common.by</span> <span>import</span> <span>By</span>
<span>import</span> <span>time</span>

<span># Setting up Selenium WebDriver (Chrome as an example) </span><span>driver</span> <span>=</span> <span>webdriver</span><span>.</span><span>Chrome</span><span>()</span>

<span># Open the target page </span><span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>'</span><span>http://example.com/target_page</span><span>'</span><span>)</span>

<span># Simulating user behaviour (e.g. waiting for a page to finish loading, clicking a button) </span><span>time</span><span>.</span><span>sleep</span><span>(</span><span>3</span><span>)</span>  <span># Wait for the page to load (should be adjusted to the page in practice) </span><span>button</span> <span>=</span> <span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>find_element</span><span>(</span><span>By</span><span>.</span><span>ID</span><span>,</span> <span>'</span><span>target_button_id</span><span>'</span><span>)</span>  <span># Assuming the button has a unique ID </span><span>button</span><span>.</span><span>click</span><span>()</span>

<span># Processing page data (e.g., extracting page content) </span><span>page_content</span> <span>=</span> <span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>page_source</span>
<span># ... </span>
<span># Close WebDriver </span><span>driver</span><span>.</span><span>quit</span><span>()</span>
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

# Setting up Selenium WebDriver (Chrome as an example) driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# Open the target page driver.get('http://example.com/target_page')

# Simulating user behaviour (e.g. waiting for a page to finish loading, clicking a button) time.sleep(3)  # Wait for the page to load (should be adjusted to the page in practice) button = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'target_button_id')  # Assuming the button has a unique ID button.click()

# Processing page data (e.g., extracting page content) page_content = driver.page_source
# ... 
# Close WebDriver driver.quit()

Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

By simulating user behavior, such as waiting for the page to load, clicking a button, etc., the risk of being identified as a crawler can be reduced, thereby improving access speed. Automated testing tools such as Selenium are very useful in this regard.

III. Summary and suggestions

Solving the problem of limited access speed of crawler programs requires multiple aspects. Reasonable setting of request intervals, using proxy IPs, and simulating user behavior are all effective strategies. In actual applications, multiple strategies can be combined to improve the efficiency and stability of crawler programs. At the same time, choosing a reliable proxy service provider such as 98IP proxy is also key.

In addition, users should continue to pay attention to the anti-crawler strategy updates of the target website and the latest developments in the field of network security, and constantly adjust and optimize crawler programs to adapt to the ever-changing network environment.

原文链接：How to solve the problem of limited access speed of crawlers