If you’ve ever wanted to change the pitch of a song without altering its speed, this blog post is for you. Pitch-shifting is a common task for musicians, DJs, and audio engineers. In this tutorial, we will explore how to down-pitch a song using Python and the pydub library and apply this process to multiple songs in a folder automatically.

Why Pitch Shift?

In music, pitch-shifting means changing the pitch of a song (raising or lowering it) without speeding it up or slowing it down. This can be useful for:

• Matching the key of a song to another track

• Transposing songs for instruments tuned to a different key

• Creating remixes or mashups

Tools You Will Need

We will use the Python library pydub to manipulate audio files. You can install it using pip:

pip <span>install </span>pydub
pip <span>install </span>pydub
pip install pydub

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Additionally, pydub requires ffmpeg to handle audio files like MP3. You can install ffmpeg via the terminal:

<span>sudo </span>apt <span>install </span>ffmpeg
<span>sudo </span>apt <span>install </span>ffmpeg
sudo apt install ffmpeg

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Step-by-Step Guide to Pitch Shifting

Now let’s dive into the Python script that automates pitch-shifting for multiple songs in a folder. The script loops through the files in a songs folder, down-pitches them by a half-step (semitone = -1), and saves the new files to an output folder.

The Code

<span>import</span> <span>os</span>
<span>from</span> <span>pydub</span> <span>import</span> <span>AudioSegment</span>
<span># Function to shift pitch down </span><span>def</span> <span>pitch_shift</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>,</span> <span>semitones</span><span>):</span>
    <span># Adjust sample rate to shift pitch </span>    <span>new_sample_rate</span> <span>=</span> <span>int</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>frame_rate</span> <span>*</span> <span>(</span><span>2.0</span> <span>**</span> <span>(</span><span>semitones</span> <span>/</span> <span>12.0</span><span>)))</span>
    <span>return</span> <span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>_spawn</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>raw_data</span><span>,</span> <span>overrides</span><span>=</span><span>{</span><span>'</span><span>frame_rate</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>new_sample_rate</span><span>}).</span><span>set_frame_rate</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>frame_rate</span><span>)</span>
<span># Input and output folders </span><span>input_folder</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>./songs</span><span>'</span>
<span>output_folder</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>./output</span><span>'</span>
<span># Ensure the output folder exists </span><span>os</span><span>.</span><span>makedirs</span><span>(</span><span>output_folder</span><span>,</span> <span>exist_ok</span><span>=</span><span>True</span><span>)</span>
<span># Loop through all files in the songs folder </span><span>for</span> <span>filename</span> <span>in</span> <span>os</span><span>.</span><span>listdir</span><span>(</span><span>input_folder</span><span>):</span>
    <span># Check if the file is an audio file (e.g., mp3 or wav) </span>    <span>if</span> <span>filename</span><span>.</span><span>endswith</span><span>(</span><span>"</span><span>.mp3</span><span>"</span><span>)</span> <span>or</span> <span>filename</span><span>.</span><span>endswith</span><span>(</span><span>"</span><span>.wav</span><span>"</span><span>):</span>
        <span># Construct the full file path </span>        <span>input_path</span> <span>=</span> <span>os</span><span>.</span><span>path</span><span>.</span><span>join</span><span>(</span><span>input_folder</span><span>,</span> <span>filename</span><span>)</span>
        <span>output_path</span> <span>=</span> <span>os</span><span>.</span><span>path</span><span>.</span><span>join</span><span>(</span><span>output_folder</span><span>,</span> <span>filename</span><span>)</span>
        <span># Load the audio file </span>        <span>audio</span> <span>=</span> <span>AudioSegment</span><span>.</span><span>from_file</span><span>(</span><span>input_path</span><span>)</span>
        <span># Shift pitch down by a half-step (semitone = -1) </span>        <span>shifted_audio</span> <span>=</span> <span>pitch_shift</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>,</span> <span>-</span><span>1</span><span>)</span>
        <span># Export the pitch-shifted audio to the output folder </span>        <span>shifted_audio</span><span>.</span><span>export</span><span>(</span><span>output_path</span><span>,</span> <span>format</span><span>=</span><span>"</span><span>mp3</span><span>"</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span><span>(</span><span>f</span><span>"</span><span>Processed and saved: </span><span>{</span><span>output_path</span><span>}</span><span>"</span><span>)</span>
<span>import</span> <span>os</span>
<span>from</span> <span>pydub</span> <span>import</span> <span>AudioSegment</span>

<span># Function to shift pitch down </span><span>def</span> <span>pitch_shift</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>,</span> <span>semitones</span><span>):</span>
    <span># Adjust sample rate to shift pitch </span>    <span>new_sample_rate</span> <span>=</span> <span>int</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>frame_rate</span> <span>*</span> <span>(</span><span>2.0</span> <span>**</span> <span>(</span><span>semitones</span> <span>/</span> <span>12.0</span><span>)))</span>
    <span>return</span> <span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>_spawn</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>raw_data</span><span>,</span> <span>overrides</span><span>=</span><span>{</span><span>'</span><span>frame_rate</span><span>'</span><span>:</span> <span>new_sample_rate</span><span>}).</span><span>set_frame_rate</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>.</span><span>frame_rate</span><span>)</span>

<span># Input and output folders </span><span>input_folder</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>./songs</span><span>'</span>
<span>output_folder</span> <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>./output</span><span>'</span>

<span># Ensure the output folder exists </span><span>os</span><span>.</span><span>makedirs</span><span>(</span><span>output_folder</span><span>,</span> <span>exist_ok</span><span>=</span><span>True</span><span>)</span>

<span># Loop through all files in the songs folder </span><span>for</span> <span>filename</span> <span>in</span> <span>os</span><span>.</span><span>listdir</span><span>(</span><span>input_folder</span><span>):</span>
    <span># Check if the file is an audio file (e.g., mp3 or wav) </span>    <span>if</span> <span>filename</span><span>.</span><span>endswith</span><span>(</span><span>"</span><span>.mp3</span><span>"</span><span>)</span> <span>or</span> <span>filename</span><span>.</span><span>endswith</span><span>(</span><span>"</span><span>.wav</span><span>"</span><span>):</span>
        <span># Construct the full file path </span>        <span>input_path</span> <span>=</span> <span>os</span><span>.</span><span>path</span><span>.</span><span>join</span><span>(</span><span>input_folder</span><span>,</span> <span>filename</span><span>)</span>
        <span>output_path</span> <span>=</span> <span>os</span><span>.</span><span>path</span><span>.</span><span>join</span><span>(</span><span>output_folder</span><span>,</span> <span>filename</span><span>)</span>

        <span># Load the audio file </span>        <span>audio</span> <span>=</span> <span>AudioSegment</span><span>.</span><span>from_file</span><span>(</span><span>input_path</span><span>)</span>

        <span># Shift pitch down by a half-step (semitone = -1) </span>        <span>shifted_audio</span> <span>=</span> <span>pitch_shift</span><span>(</span><span>audio</span><span>,</span> <span>-</span><span>1</span><span>)</span>

        <span># Export the pitch-shifted audio to the output folder </span>        <span>shifted_audio</span><span>.</span><span>export</span><span>(</span><span>output_path</span><span>,</span> <span>format</span><span>=</span><span>"</span><span>mp3</span><span>"</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span><span>(</span><span>f</span><span>"</span><span>Processed and saved: </span><span>{</span><span>output_path</span><span>}</span><span>"</span><span>)</span>
import os
from pydub import AudioSegment

# Function to shift pitch down def pitch_shift(audio, semitones):
    # Adjust sample rate to shift pitch     new_sample_rate = int(audio.frame_rate * (2.0 ** (semitones / 12.0)))
    return audio._spawn(audio.raw_data, overrides={'frame_rate': new_sample_rate}).set_frame_rate(audio.frame_rate)

# Input and output folders input_folder = './songs'
output_folder = './output'

# Ensure the output folder exists os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True)

# Loop through all files in the songs folder for filename in os.listdir(input_folder):
    # Check if the file is an audio file (e.g., mp3 or wav)     if filename.endswith(".mp3") or filename.endswith(".wav"):
        # Construct the full file path         input_path = os.path.join(input_folder, filename)
        output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, filename)

        # Load the audio file         audio = AudioSegment.from_file(input_path)

        # Shift pitch down by a half-step (semitone = -1)         shifted_audio = pitch_shift(audio, -1)

        # Export the pitch-shifted audio to the output folder         shifted_audio.export(output_path, format="mp3")
        print(f"Processed and saved: {output_path}")

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Explanation

1. Importing Libraries:
   We import os to work with file directories and AudioSegment from pydub to manipulate audio files.

2. Pitch-Shift Function:
   The pitch_shift function adjusts the sample rate of the audio. When we change the sample rate, the pitch changes. In this case, we calculate the new sample rate to shift the pitch down by one semitone using the formula:

   new_sample_rate = int(audio.frame_rate * (2.0 ** (semitones / 12.0)))

3. Input and Output Folders:
   We define the folders where we will read the audio files and save the pitch-shifted versions. If the output folder doesn’t exist, it will be created.

4. Loop Through Songs:
   Using os.listdir(), we loop through each file in the songs folder. The script checks if the file is an audio file (.mp3 or .wav) before processing it. For each file:

   • It loads the audio.
   • The pitch_shift function is applied, lowering the pitch by a half-step.
   • The pitch-shifted audio is exported to the output folder.

5. Export and Feedback:
   Once the processing is done, the pitch-shifted song is saved in the output folder, and a confirmation message is printed.

Running the Script

Make sure you have your audio files in the songs folder and then run the script:

python <span>-m</span> pitch_down
python <span>-m</span> pitch_down
python -m pitch_down

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The pitch-shifted files will be saved in the output folder.

Customization

You can easily modify this script to:

• Pitch the audio up by passing a positive value (e.g., pitch_shift(audio, 1) for a half-step up).

• Process different file formats by adding other extensions like .ogg or .flac to the conditional check.

• Shift by a different number of semitones by adjusting the semitones argument.

Conclusion

This script is a simple yet powerful way to pitch-shift multiple audio files using Python. With pydub and ffmpeg, you can manipulate audio files in bulk, making tasks like pitch correction or audio preparation easier for musicians, producers, or anyone working with audio.

Feel free to experiment with this script and see how you can adapt it to your needs. Happy coding!

原文链接：How to Down-Pitch A Song Using Python