PyEnv & Poetry – BFFs

What is this?

This is a resource made, admittedly mostly for myself, that will allow me to recall a method of Python dev environment management I don’t dislike. It covers the use of two distinct but important Python environment helpers:

• PyEnv (Docs)
  • Uses path shims to help you manage several versions of Python simultaneously.
• Poetry (Docs)
  • A dependency manager that feels similar in my approximation to a tool like yarn or npm from the Node world, and automates certain tasks (venv creation and activation for example).

Why make this / why read this?

• You find that managing Python projects in a clean, repeatable, and predictable way is less simple (or less fun) than you have found the process to be in other languages.

How do I use / read this?

This is a technical guide not an in depth explanation (though that may be forthcoming) and so I expect this guide to be used primarily as a way to kick start your memory on how to set up Python projects in a way you don’t dislike. Best of luck

Pre-Reqs 🫸

These steps are to be done once per machine and if you’ve already accomplished these steps you may skip this section.

Install PyEnv & A Modern Python Version

brew update
brew <span>install </span>pyenv
pyenv <span>--version</span>
<span># pyenv 2.3.15</span>
pyenv <span>install </span>3.10.7
<span># Wait for a bit for install to finish...</span>
pyenv shell 3.10.7
python <span>--version</span>
<span># Python 3.10.7 </span>
brew update
brew <span>install </span>pyenv
pyenv <span>--version</span>
<span># pyenv 2.3.15</span>

pyenv <span>install </span>3.10.7
<span># Wait for a bit for install to finish...</span>

pyenv shell 3.10.7
python <span>--version</span>
<span># Python 3.10.7 </span>
brew update
brew install pyenv
pyenv --version
# pyenv 2.3.15

pyenv install 3.10.7
# Wait for a bit for install to finish...

pyenv shell 3.10.7
python --version
# Python 3.10.7 

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Optional: Set A System Wide Python Version

pyenv global 3.10.7
pyenv global 3.10.7
pyenv global 3.10.7

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Install Poetry ️

curl <span>-sSL</span> https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -
poetry <span>--version</span>
curl <span>-sSL</span> https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -
poetry <span>--version</span>
curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -
poetry --version

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Optional: Tell poetry to create virtual environments in the current project directory

poetry config virtualenvs.in-project <span>true </span>poetry config virtualenvs.in-project
<span># true</span>
poetry config virtualenvs.in-project <span>true </span>poetry config virtualenvs.in-project
<span># true</span>
poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true poetry config virtualenvs.in-project
# true

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Steps 🧭

• Make a new project directory

<span>cd </span>Desktop/Code/personal/python
<span>mkdir </span>planet-express-api
<span>cd </span>planet-express-api 
<span>cd </span>Desktop/Code/personal/python
<span>mkdir </span>planet-express-api
<span>cd </span>planet-express-api 
cd Desktop/Code/personal/python
mkdir planet-express-api
cd planet-express-api 

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• Set a Python version for this project directory

pyenv <span>local </span>3.10.7
python <span>--version</span> 
<span># 3.10.7</span>
<span>cat</span> .python-version
<span># 3.10.7</span>
pyenv <span>local </span>3.10.7
python <span>--version</span> 
<span># 3.10.7</span>
<span>cat</span> .python-version
<span># 3.10.7</span>
pyenv local 3.10.7
python --version 
# 3.10.7
cat .python-version
# 3.10.7

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Note: This command will create a file that pyenv looks for in the current working directory (the folder you are in) whose content will tell pyenv which Python version to use.

• Create a poetry project

<span># Leave off the -n flag if you wish to add precise data </span>
<span># to the pyproject.toml file poetry creates.</span>
poetry init <span>-n</span>
<span>ls</span> | <span>grep </span>pyproject.toml
<span># pyproject.toml</span>
<span># Leave off the -n flag if you wish to add precise data </span>
<span># to the pyproject.toml file poetry creates.</span>
poetry init <span>-n</span>
<span>ls</span> | <span>grep </span>pyproject.toml
<span># pyproject.toml</span>
# Leave off the -n flag if you wish to add precise data 
# to the pyproject.toml file poetry creates.
poetry init -n
ls | grep pyproject.toml
# pyproject.toml

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• Initialize and start your Virtual Environment using poetry

poetry shell
<span># Creating virtualenv planet-express-api</span>
<span># bash -c planet-express-api/.venv/bin/activate</span>
poetry shell
<span># Creating virtualenv planet-express-api</span>
<span># bash -c planet-express-api/.venv/bin/activate</span>
poetry shell
# Creating virtualenv planet-express-api
# bash -c planet-express-api/.venv/bin/activate

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• Test it by adding a dependency

<span># Add a dependency</span>
poetry add pendulum 
<span># Start a Python REPL</span>
python 
<span># Use the dependency</span>
import pendulum
now <span>=</span> pendulum.now<span>(</span><span>"Europe/Paris"</span><span>)</span>
now.to_iso8601_string<span>()</span>
<span># '2023-05-27T19:40:17.452958+02:00'</span>
<span># Use `ctrl + d` to exit the REPL </span>
<span># Add a dependency</span>
poetry add pendulum 

<span># Start a Python REPL</span>
python 

<span># Use the dependency</span>
import pendulum
now <span>=</span> pendulum.now<span>(</span><span>"Europe/Paris"</span><span>)</span>
now.to_iso8601_string<span>()</span>
<span># '2023-05-27T19:40:17.452958+02:00'</span>
<span># Use `ctrl + d` to exit the REPL </span>
# Add a dependency
poetry add pendulum 

# Start a Python REPL
python 

# Use the dependency
import pendulum
now = pendulum.now("Europe/Paris")
now.to_iso8601_string()
# '2023-05-27T19:40:17.452958+02:00'
# Use `ctrl + d` to exit the REPL 

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• Stop using the virtual environment

<span># Exit the virtual environment</span>
deactivate
<span># Start a Python REPL</span>
python
<span># Validate the dependency is not available</span>
import pendulum
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named <span>'pendulum'</span> 
<span># Exit the virtual environment</span>
deactivate

<span># Start a Python REPL</span>
python

<span># Validate the dependency is not available</span>
import pendulum
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named <span>'pendulum'</span> 
# Exit the virtual environment
deactivate

# Start a Python REPL
python

# Validate the dependency is not available
import pendulum
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pendulum' 

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Note: To get back into the virtual environment just use poetry shell again.

Summary

In this article you have used PyEnv and Poetry together to create a project in a desired version of Python (pyenv) whose dependencies and virtual environment are managed by a single robust tool (poetry) cheers to you

原文链接：PyEnv & Poetry – BFFs