Timing your Python Code

There are many times when you would want to see how much time your program takes to execute. The easiest way to do it on a unix system is to use the time command before running the program.

$ time command
real    0m1.320s
user    0m0.010s
sys     0m0.023s
$ time command

real    0m1.320s
user    0m0.010s
sys     0m0.023s
$ time command

real    0m1.320s
user    0m0.010s
sys     0m0.023s

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This shows that the command took 1.32 seconds of wall clock time and 0.01s of time spent in userspace and 0.023s of time spent in kernel space.

This works well for any command you can run on the shell. But how would you find out how long a python function took? Or how long a particular line of code took?

The usual way I used to do was create a time.time() object before the piece of code, store it in a variable. Do the same time.time() and subtract from the previously stored value and print it.

Nothing wrong with it. But instead of repeating this same piece of code everywhere, there has got to be a better way.

Let me introduce the timing context manager.

Create a module called timer.py and paste the following piece of code in it.

import time
class Timer(object):
    def __init__(self, verbose=False):
        self.verbose = verbose
    def __enter__(self):
        self.start = time.time()
        return self
    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.end = time.time()
        self.secs = self.end - self.start
        self.msecs = self.secs * 1000  # millisecs
        if self.verbose:
            print 'elapsed time: %f ms' % self.msecs
import time

class Timer(object):
    def __init__(self, verbose=False):
        self.verbose = verbose

    def __enter__(self):
        self.start = time.time()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.end = time.time()
        self.secs = self.end - self.start
        self.msecs = self.secs * 1000  # millisecs
        if self.verbose:
            print 'elapsed time: %f ms' % self.msecs
import time

class Timer(object):
    def __init__(self, verbose=False):
        self.verbose = verbose

    def __enter__(self):
        self.start = time.time()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.end = time.time()
        self.secs = self.end - self.start
        self.msecs = self.secs * 1000  # millisecs
        if self.verbose:
            print 'elapsed time: %f ms' % self.msecs

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Now all you have to do is, in the module where you want to time a piece of code,

from timer import Timer
...
with Timer() as t:
    some_slow_function()
print 'elapsed: %ss' % t.secs
from timer import Timer
...
with Timer() as t:
    some_slow_function()
print 'elapsed: %ss' % t.secs
from timer import Timer
...
with Timer() as t:
    some_slow_function()
print 'elapsed: %ss' % t.secs

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You can use t.msecs to display it in milliseconds.

This is such a simple and elegant solution to log the time taken, that these kind of modules will probably have to go in a private python-utils package which I can import in any project I want.

原文链接：Timing your Python Code